Gemcitabine, Hydrochloride Salt (dFdC, dFdCyd, Gamcitabine, Gemcitera, Gemsar, Gemzar, LY-188011, 2'-Deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine monohydrochloride, Zefei, CAS 122111-03-9), >99%

LC Laboratories' Product Number G-4177 - Gemcitabine, Hydrochloride Salt (dFdC, dFdCyd, Gamcitabine, Gemcitera, Gemsar, Gemzar, LY-188011, 2'-Deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine monohydrochloride, Zefei, CAS 122111-03-9), >99% - for research use only. Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog of deoxycytidine used as chemotherapy to treat patients with various types of cancer. After passage through the cell membrane via nucleoside transporters, gemcitabine undergoes complex intracellular conversion to gemcitabine diphosphate (dFdCDP) and triphosphate (dFdCTP). dFdCTP inhibits DNA polymerase by competing with deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP). dFdCDP inhibits ribonucleoside reductase and DNA synthesis by causing depletion of deoxyribonucleotide pools, and thus potentiating the effects of dFdCTP. Gemcitabine can be inactivated to 2,2'-difluorodeoxyuridine, mainly by deoxycytidine deaminase. Also, 5'-nucleotidase catalyses the conversion of nucleotides to nucleosides and inhibits nucleoside kinases. Gemcitabine remains the current standard of care for pancreatic cancer as a single agent. Combinations with biological agents or other chemotherapeutic drugs (including capecitabine, platinum compounds, erlotinib, and monoclonal antibodies cetuximab and bevacizumab) have shown limited improvement. Gemcitabine inhibited DNA synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner in human lymphoblastoid CEM cells. The apparent Ki values of gemcitabine triphosphate (dFdCTP) were 11.2 µM for DNA polymerase α and 14.4 µM for polymerase ε. Gemcitabine inhibited DNA synthesis. However, the cytotoxicity of gemcitabine on proliferating cells was not specific for cells initially in S phase. The kinetics of cell recycling from a first gemcitabine treatment have a strong effect on the outcome of a second treatment with either gemcitabine itself or cisplatin. Gemcitabine increases DNA ligase I levels severalfold in different types of tumor cell lines, including MiaPaCa, NGP and SK-N-BE. However, DNA ligases III and IV either remained unchanged or decreased with treatment. Gemcitabine Hydrochloride is the active ingredient in drug products sold under numerous trade names listed above. These drug products have been approved in at least one country to be used alone or in combination with other medicines to treat breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and cancer of the pancreas. NOTE: THE GEMCITABINE HYDROCHLORIDE RESEARCH COMPOUND SOLD BY LC LABORATORIES IS NOT ANY OF THE GEMCITABINE-CONTAINING DRUG PRODUCTS SOLD UNDER VARIOUS TRADE NAMES AND IS NOT FOR HUMAN USE. Our gemcitabine product is the hydrochloride salt, whose CAS number is 122111-03-9. The CAS number of the free base is 95058-81-4.

• Supplier: LC Laboratories
• Product #: G-4177
• Sku #: G-4177_5g