Sodium Citrate Dihydrate
Sodium citrate dihydrate consists of odorless, colorless, monoclinic crystals, or a white crystalline powder with a cooling, saline taste. It is slightly deliquescent in moist air, and in warm dry air it is efflorescent. Although most pharmacopeias specify that sodium citrate is the dihydrate, the USP states that sodium citrate may be either the dihydrate or anhydrous material.
| Supplier | CD Formulation |
|---|---|
| Product # | PE-0542 |
| Pricing | , Inquire for price |
| product1 | Excipients for Liquid Dosage Form |
| Molecular Formula | C6H5Na3O7ยท2H2O |
| Molecular Weight | 294.1 |
| Applications | Sodium citrate, as either the dihydrate or anhydrous material, is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations. It is used in food products, primarily to adjust the pH of solutions. It is also used as a sequestering agent. The anhydrous material is used in effervescent tablet formulations.Sodium citrate is additionally used as a blood anticoagulant either alone or in combination with other citrates such as disodium hydrogen citrate. Therapeutically, sodium citrate is used to relieve the painful irritation caused by cystitis, and also to treat dehydration and acidosis due to diarrhea. |
| Safety | After ingestion, sodium citrate is absorbed and metabolized to bicarbonate. Although it is generally regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritant excipient, excessive consumption may cause gastrointestinal discomfort or diarrhea. Therapeutically, in adults, up to 15 g daily of sodium citrate dihydrate may be administered orally, in divided doses, as an aqueous solution to relieve the painful irritation caused by cystitis. Citrates and citric acid enhance intestinal aluminum absorption in renal patients, which may lead to increased, harmful serum aluminum levels. It has therefore been suggested that patients with renal failure taking aluminum compounds to control phosphate absorption should not be prescribed citrate- or citric acid-containing products. |
| Incompatibilities | Aqueous solutions are slightly alkaline and will react with acidic substances. Alkaloidal salts may be precipitated from their aqueous or hydro-alcohol solutions. Calcium and strontium salts will cause precipitation of the corresponding citrates. Other incompatibilities include bases, reducing agents, and oxidizing agents. |
| Synonyms | Citric acid trisodium salt; E331; natrii citras; sodium citrate tertiary; trisodium citrate |
| CAS Number | 6132-04-3 |
| Category | Alkalizing Agents; Buffering Agents; Emulsifying Agents; Sequestering Agents |
| UNII | 1Q73Q2JULR |
| Chemical Name | Trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1, 2, 3-tricarboxylate dihydrate |
| Grade | Pharmceutical Excipients |
| Administration route | Inhalations; injections; ophthalmic; oral; nasal, otic, rectal, topical, transdermal, and vaginal |
| Dosage Form | Inhalations; injections; ophthalmic products; oral solutions, suspensions, syrups and tablets; nasal, otic, rectal, topical, transdermal, and vaginal preparations |
| Stability and Storage Conditions | Sodium citrate dihydrate is a stable material. Aqueous solutions may be sterilized by autoclaving. On storage, aqueous solutions may cause the separation of small, solid particles from glass containers. The bulk material should be stored in an airtight container in a cool, dry place. |
| Source and Preparation | Sodium citrate is prepared by adding sodium carbonate to a solution of citric acid until effervescence ceases. The resulting solution is filtered and evaporated to dryness. |