Polyethylene Glycol 400
Polyethylene glycol as being an addition polymer of ethylene oxide and water. Polyethylene glycol grades 200-600 are liquids; grades 1000 and above are solids at ambient temperatures. Liquid grades (PEG 200-600) occur as clear, colorless or slightly yellow-colored, viscous liquids. They have a slight but characteristic odor and a bitter, slightly burning taste. PEG 600 can occur as a solid at ambient temperatures. Solid grades (PEG>1000) are white or off-white in color, and range in consistency from pastes to waxy flakes. They have a faint, sweet odor. Grades of PEG 6002 and above are available as freeflowing milled powders.
| Supplier | CD Formulation |
|---|---|
| Product # | PE-0475 |
| Pricing | , Inquire for price |
| product1 | Binder Excipients |
| Molecular Formula | HOCH2(CH2OCH2)nCH2OH, n=7~9 |
| Applications | Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are widely used in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations, including parenteral, topical, ophthalmic, oral, and rectal preparations. Polyethylene glycol has been used experimentally in biodegradable polymeric matrices used in controlled-release systems. |
| Safety | LD50 (guinea pig, PO): 15.7g/kg; LD50 (mouse, IP): 10.0g/kg; LD50 (mouse, IV): 8.6g/kg; LD50 (mouse, PO): 28.9g/kg ; LD50 (rabbit, PO): 26.8g/kg; LD50 (rat, IP): 9.7g/kg; LD50 (rat, IV): 7.3g/kg. |
| Incompatibilities | The chemical reactivity of polyethylene glycols is mainly confined to the two terminal hydroxyl groups, which can be either esterified or etherified. However, all grades can exhibit some oxidizing activity owing to the presence of peroxide impurities and secondary products formed by autoxidation. Liquid and solid polyethylene glycol grades may be incompatible with some coloring agents. The antibacterial activity of certain antibiotics is reduced in polyethylene glycol bases, particularly that of penicillin and bacitracin. The preservative efficacy of the parabens may also be impaired owing to binding with polyethylene glycols. Physical effects caused by polyethylene glycol bases include softening and liquefaction in mixtures with phenol, tannic acid, and salicylic acid. Discoloration of sulfonamides and dithranol can also occur, and sorbitol may be precipitated from mixtures. Plastics, such as polyethylene, phenolformaldehyde, polyvinyl chloride, and cellulose-ester membranes (in filters) may be softened or dissolved by polyethylene glycols. Migration of polyethylene glycol can occur from tablet film coatings, leading to interaction with core components. |
| Synonyms | Macrogol 400 |
| CAS Number | 25322-68-3 |
| Category | Stabilizer; Plasticizer; Base Agents; Coating Agents; Wetting Agents; Emulsifier; Excipient; Collapsing Agents; Solvent; Dissolving aid |
| UNII | B697894SGQ |
| Chemical Name | Polyethylene Glycol 400 |
| Grade | Pharmceutical Excipients |
| Administration route | Intramuscular injection; Intravenous injection; Nasal spray; Ophthalmic; Topical application; Oral |
| Dosage Form | Injections, sprays, drops, syrups |
| Stability and Storage Conditions | Store in airtight container. |
| Commonly used amount and the maximum amount | The maximum dosage of each route of administration: Oral: 2.31g; General external use: 700mg/g; Rectum, cavity, urethra: 3.07g; Dental external use and oral cavity: 200mg/g; Intravenous injection: 3, 2g; Local anesthesia injection; 7.881mg; Sublingual administration: 720mg/g; Other external use: 50mg; Intramuscular injection: 3.2g; Subcutaneous injection: 3.2g; Otolaryngological preparations: 50mg/mL. |
| Source and Preparation | Polyethylene glycol polymers are formed by the reaction of ethylene oxide and water under pressure in the presence of a catalyst. |